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Lottery winning 101: First get a lawyer and a tax expert

Advice for instant lottery millionaires -- get a lawyer.That's the new mantra in an age when winners can become not just rich overnight, but fabulously wealthy multimillionaires with all that entails -- fame, celebrity, begging letters and scam artists.The latest Powerball jackpot is worth about $400 million, the fourth largest jackpot in the history of the game. There was one winning ticket sold
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Advice for instant lottery millionaires -- get a lawyer.

That's the new mantra in an age when winners can become not just rich overnight, but fabulously wealthy multimillionaires with all that entails -- fame, celebrity, begging letters and scam artists.

The latest Powerball jackpot is worth about $400 million, the fourth largest jackpot in the history of the game. There was one winning ticket sold in South Carolina, but as of Thursday afternoon, no one had yet stepped into the glare of the TV lights to claim the prize.

Payouts of this size are rewriting the conventional financial wisdom about how the lucky winners can best handle their good fortune, from tax advice to the shape of their reconfigured lives. "Buy that Rolls and save the rest," has become, "Lawyer up and start a foundation."

A major revamp last year upped the cost of a Powerball ticket to $2 from $1, and it also has led to sweeter jackpots in shorter periods of time. Since March 2012, when a record-setting $656 million Mega Millions jackpot was awarded, the U.S. has awarded some of its largest lottery prizes ever. That includes Powerball's largest jackpot of $590 million, which was won by a Florida widow in May. 

For the lucky winner, here's a checklist of things to do:

Protect your ticket. Sign your winning ticket, make copies of it and stash the original in a safe-deposit box. If you are separated from the ticket, your signature should ensure you won’t be separated from the prize. The safe-deposit box will help ensure you’re not separated from it. 

Get help before you claim the prize. You’ll have three months (in most states) to come forward with your winning ticket. You likely won’t be able to keep your secret under your hat for that long, but before identifying yourself, assemble a team consisting of a financial planner, an accountant and a lawyer, with the lawyer being your first call. Lottery winners are often subject to legal claims out of left field, sometimes from co-workers who went in (or declined to) go in on a pool ticket.

Stay anonymous, if possible. Another reason to hire a lawyer first is for help creating an entity, such as a revocable living trust or a family limited partnership that masks your personal identity.

“Anonymity gets a lot of the initial fanfare out of your face,” said Keith Fenstad, director of financial planning at Tanglewood Wealth Management in Houston.

In many states, however, winners are required to divulge their names for publicity purposes. If you have to identify yourself, change your phone to an unlisted number to avoid calls from scammers and “friends” who surface to make special pleas. You may consider moving to an undisclosed location, even temporarily, to avoid the crush of the press.

Take the lump sum. Winners must choose whether to receive 30 annual allotments or a single payment, a choice that’s often made based on the tax ramifications. But since taxes are likely to be going up, it’s better to have even a lesser amount taxed at lower rates—and your annual payments are going to take a tax hit anyway.

More pertinent is your age. The biggest payout to a single Powerball winner occurred in May, when an 84-year-old widow from Florida took her $370 million pretax payout at once.

“It’s more of a personal question than a tax question,” said Peggy Johnson, a CPA based in Broken Arrow, Okla., who points out winners of big jackpots will be in the highest bracket either way. “If you’re a wise investor, it makes sense to take it all at once.”

Take a breath. Give yourself time to emotionally and mentally digest what the money means to you. The biggest financial threat lottery winners face is the temptation to reward themselves with cars, boats, and extra homes. Until the thrill of winning passes, experts advise, stick the money in a low-risk interest-bearing account, where it will start to accrue immediate profit. Meantime, spend a few days figuring out how many Ferraris you really need.

Pay off your debts. Tales of lottery winners who are broke today are often about those who won $5 million or less, not $250 million.

“You can’t give that much money away,” Fenstad said, pointing out that the first $5.25 million you give your brother-in-law is free; the next $5 million will be subject to a 45 percent federal tax.

But let’s say you squandered your Powerball haul on bad investments. You don’t want to have blown $175 million and still owe anything on your car loan.

Set a budget. Conservatively speaking, a $250 million lump-sum payout, placed in diversified mutual funds and bonds, should generate some $4 million a year after taxes.

Consider setting an amount in this range as your annual budget, Fenstad suggested, leaving the principal as a backstop and the basis for wealth across generations. The pleasure of spending diminishes over time, after all. The pleasure of having it doesn’t.

Name your charity. Eventually, experts say, someone sitting on several hundreds of millions starts to think of their legacy—and ways to reduce the taxes now, and on their survivors when they go.

“Charitable giving would likely become a big part of your life,” said Fenstad of the lottery winner.