The efficiency of America’s workers grew at a slightly slower pace in the spring as companies sought to produce more with leaner work forces. Workers’ compensation growth slowed, too.
The Labor Department reported Friday that productivity — the amount an employee produces for every hour on the job — grew at an annual rate of 2.2 percent during the April-to-June quarter. That was down from a 2.6 percent growth rate logged in the first three months of this year.
Economists were forecasting productivity to pick up slightly to a 2.7 percent pace.
“The economy is limping along and businesses are doing whatever they can to remain competitive,” said Joel Naroff, president of Naroff Economics Advisors in Holland, Pa. “So, we had fewer people working shorter hours and producing more.”
Meanwhile, growth in compensation — wages and benefits — also slowed as companies were less generous amid troubles in the economy and uncertainty about their own prospects.
Unit labor costs slipped to a 1.3 percent pace in the second quarter, from a 2.5 percent growth rate in the first quarter. Unit labor costs is a measure of how much companies pay workers for every unit of output they produce. Economists look to this barometer for clues about inflation.
The showing on compensation matched economists’ expectations.
While slower compensation growth isn’t welcomed by workers, economists said the moderation eases some inflation concerns. Back in the 1970s, the country battled “stagflation,” a toxic mix of stagnant growth and stubborn inflation. Workers demanded — and received — higher wages to keep up with ever-rising prices.
On Wall Street, stocks gained ground as investors took comfort in dropping oil prices. The Dow Jones industrials were up nearly 200 points in morning trading.
The economy grew at a 1.9 percent pace in the second quarter, up from a 0.9 percent growth rate in the first three months of this year. The economy’s growth rate reflects the value of all goods produced in the United States. During the second quarter — as has happened all year— employers cut jobs.
Nearly a half million jobs have disappeared during the first seven months of the year. Among the companies announcing job cuts recently were: General Motors Corp., Weyerhaeuser Co., and Starbucks Corp. Bennigan’s restaurants owned by privately held Metromedia Restaurant Group, are closing, driving more people to unemployment lines.
Companies have been trimming their payrolls and trying to satisfy customer demand with fewer workers as they cope with fallout from the housing and credit debacles, along with high prices for fuel and other raw materials.
In another cost-cutting move, workers’ hours were reduced the spring. Hours worked dropped at a rate of 0.5 percent in the second quarter, the fourth straight quarterly cutback.
Inflation continues to eat into workers’ paychecks. Compensation, adjusted for inflation, for each hour worked fell at a 1.4 percent pace in the second quarter. That compared with a 0.8 percent growth rate in the first quarter.
Confronted by problems at every turn — shaky growth, rising unemployment and gyrating food and energy prices, the Federal Reserve earlier this week decided to hold a key interest rate steady. The central bank can’t afford to lower the rate anymore because it could worsen inflation. On the other hand, boosting rates too soon would hinder the economy and the already crippled housing market. Many economists predict the Fed will leave rates where they are for the rest of this year.
Growth in productivity is good for the economy’s long-term vitality and can help blunt inflation pressures. Efficiency gains can let companies pay for any boosts to workers’ compensation through revenue from increased production, rather than having to rely on jacking up prices of their goods and services.
Even with the slower productivity growth seen in the spring, “this was a very good showing in the middle of an economic slowdown,” said Peter Morici, an economist and business professor at the University of Maryland.