Central Texas cattle raiser Gerry Shudde remembers Texas' drought of record in the 1950s when his family's ranch sometimes got a couple of 4-inch rainfalls a year.
But the drought ongoing now is far different.
"This is just cut off completely," the 74-year-old rancher said. "In a lot of ways, it's worse."
Across the nation's No. 2 agricultural state, drought conditions are evaporating stock tanks, keeping many crop farmers from planting, forcing cattle producers to cull their herds, and dropping water levels in state lakes.
Despite hurricanes Dolly, Gustav and Ike soaking Texas in 2008, almost every part of the state — nearly 97 percent — is experiencing some drought, according to the most recent U.S. Drought Monitor map, released Feb. 26.
Parts of central Texas and the Hill Country — more that 8 percent of the state — are not only in exceptional drought — the most severe stage of dryness — but they are now the driest region in the country and the driest they have been since 1918. It is the only place in the U.S. experiencing exceptional drought.
San Antonio, two counties east of Shudde's ranch, has gotten only 16.67 inches of rain since September 2007, its driest 17 months ever and about 28 inches below normal.
November, December and January were the driest statewide since 1971 for that three-month span, the fourth-driest on record. Texas averaged .32 inches of rain in January, the fourth driest in history, and about one-fifth the normal monthly total.
'Gotten nothing but worse'
"February's gotten nothing but worse," said Victor Murphy, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Fort Worth. "It's going to be the same gloomy numbers."
None of the state's 25 largest cities got even half the normal rainfall between Dec. 1 and Feb. 25.
"That's another example of how bad things are," Murphy said. "Things just continue to get worse."
There is, however, a glimmer of hope. Forecasters say it appears the La Nina weather pattern that's kept Texas dry may be breaking up over the central Pacific Ocean.
"It looks like it's starting to weaken," Murphy said. "With that being the case, May and June, our normal rainy months, we might have something positive to look forward to."
If those rains don't materialize, the cost to agriculture could be enormous.
"It's too preliminary" to estimate what the losses could be this year, said Travis Miller, drought specialist with Texas AgriLife Extension Service.
If the recent past is any indication, agriculture losses could top 2006. Drought-related crop and livestock losses were the state's worst ever for a single year, totaling $4.1 billion. Numbers on the latest drought map are worse than those for same week of 2006.
What does that mean to ranchers?
Most started culling their herds a few months ago and that will probably continue, Miller said.
Shudde, who in the 2006 drought cut his small herd in half because he could no longer feed them, has six stock tanks for watering his cattle. Four of those tanks are already dry and two others, which were dug deeper after the 1950s drought, are nearly empty.
'Not a seed come up'
He normally plants oats and other feed grasses in his pastures to help feed his cattle during the winter.
This year, though, "there's not a seed come up on any of them yet," he said. "It's just time for this to end."
Miller said most ranchers use supplemental feed — hay and other grazing grasses cut and harvested months ago — during winter months. This year, there is a big difference.
"It's not supplemental feed," he said. "It is the feed."
Crop farmers too are in a quandary. Soil moisture is inadequate across much of the state.
"There's really nothing to plant on," Miller said. "We need 8 to 10 inches to fill the soil profile up."
It won't be just agriculture affected by continued dry conditions, especially if the drought persists into spring months when homeowners and others around the state begin watering lawns and gardens.
Of the 109 lakes the Texas Water Development Board monitors, 28 were at least 90 percent full, according to the agency's most recent monthly report. That compares with 42 in early September and 83 in late May.
The storage capacity of Texas lakes dipped slightly to 80 percent since the late December report. One horror spot is O.C. Fisher Reservoir west of San Angelo, which the report states is "effectively empty."
"I wish we had some rain," said Barney Austin, director of the board's surface water resources. "You fly across the state and it's all brown, not green."