A proud Shanghai celebrated the opening of the 2010 World Expo on Friday with a lavish riverside display of fireworks, fountains and laser lights that rivaled the stunning launch of the Beijing Olympics in its extravagance.
For Shanghai, the Expo marks an emphatic comeback as a major world city after decades of spartan industrialism following the 1949 communist revolution. Like the 2008 Olympics, the event is showcasing China's growing economic and geopolitical sway, both for the world and for its own public.
In a toast at a gala dinner for dignitaries invited to watch the ceremony, President Hu Jintao said he was confident the world would "witness a successful, splendid and unforgettable World Expo."
The star-studded indoor festivities included action star Jackie Chan, Japanese singer Shinji Tanimura, concert pianist Lang Lang and opera star Andrea Bocelli, among 2,300 performers. Afterward, guests moved outside for a lights, music and fireworks jubilee that lit up the drab banks of the Huangpu river with 1,200 searchlights, powerful lasers and mobile fountains.
The normally tea-colored waters glowed with 6,000 rosy-hued 0.5-meter (1.64-foot) LED balls and lights from a parade of flag boats representing nations participating in the Expo.
The Expo opens to the public on Saturday and is expected to draw 70 million people over six months to pavilions from almost 200 nations designed to reflect the urban sustainability theme of "Better City, Better Life."
China is splashing out 28.6 billion yuan ($4.2 billion) on the Expo itself, and many billions more on other improvements for this city of 20 million. Freshly painted buildings, new highways, subway lines and airport terminals — all proclaim the country's newfound status as a modern, increasingly affluent industrial giant.
"The government will spend whatever money it takes. For the leadership, it's worthwhile," said Zheng Yongnian, director of the East Asian Institute of the National University of Singapore.
The Expo caps a trio of landmark events that began with the Olympics and was followed by the elaborate military parades for the 2009 celebration of the 60th anniversary of Communist Party rule.
Security tightened
All have involved massive security crackdowns and intensified harassment of political dissidents, though commercial-minded Shanghai has kept measures low-key compared with the lockdown imposed for the Beijing Olympics, when tourist visas were canceled and the capital was cleared of migrants.
Still, local authorities, determined to prevent crimes or disturbances that could mar the Expo, have tightened their enforcement of a ban on protests or public criticism of the ruling Communist Party.
A prominent dissident, Feng Zhenghu, said police confiscated computers from his home after he announced a new manifesto on human rights, a critique of Shanghai's legal system, to coincide with the Expo.
Meanwhile, the Hong Kong-based Chinese Human Rights Defenders said at least six people who protested having their homes demolished to make way for the Expo were sent to labor camps.
The Shanghai Expo, the first held in a developing country, is a source of pride for many city residents, though they already are complaining about crowds, traffic jams and other disruptions.
The already tight security in the city was ratcheted up Friday as authorities closed the sprawling riverside Expo site to all but a few workers, journalists, and VIPs. As the evening performance began, police went from door-to-door in some buildings near the Expo site, trying to force visitors to leave as outraged residents argued back.
"We have been bothered many times recently. They even don't allow us to invite our relatives or friends to come see the fireworks. How can such a good thing turn out to be so be miserable?" complained one apartment owner. Fearing retaliation, she gave only her surname, Zhu.
Shanghai residents had crowded into areas near the river from the early afternoon, hoping to get a glimpse of the evening celebrations attended by Hu and other leaders, including French President Nicolas Sarkozy, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak and European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso.
Expo organizers had insisted on keeping details of their plans for the evening performances hush-hush, saying they did not want to spoil the surprise.
The elaborate outdoor performances, focused on the themes "Welcome to China," "Harmonious Gathering" and "Celebration" were centered on what organizers said is the world's largest LED screen, at 280 meters (920 feet) long and 33 meters (108 feet) high, and a fountain shooting water 80 meters (262 feet) high.
"This show couldn't be done anywhere but in China," said David Atkins, the executive producer of the outdoor performance.
Associated Press writer Elaine Kurtenbach and researcher Ji Chen contributed to this report.