Foreigners fled the turmoil in Libya by the thousands on Wednesday, climbing aboard ships, ferries and planes or fleeing in overloaded vans to the country's borders with Egypt and Tunisia. Tripoli's airport was overwhelmed with stranded people seeking a way out.
The United States said inclement weather had delayed a ferry from taking American citizens out of Libya to safety.
State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley said Wednesday U.S. citizens were safe on board the boat. It will leave for Malta, a five-hour journey, when weather permits.
Two Turkish ships whisked 3,000 citizens from the chaos engulfing the North African nation, while several countries — including Russia, Germany and Ukraine — sent more planes in to help their citizens leave the increasingly unstable situation.
"The airport was mobbed, you wouldn't believe the number of people," said Kathleen Burnett, of Baltimore, Ohio, as she stepped off an Austrian Airlines flight from Tripoli to Vienna on Tuesday. "It was total chaos."
'Largest evacuation' in Turkey's history
Turkey was cranking up the largest evacuation in its history, seeking to protect some 25,000 citizens and more than 200 Turkish companies involved in construction projects in Libya worth more than $15 billion. Some of the construction sites have come under attack by protesters.
Two Turkish commercial ships left the eastern Libyan port of Benghazi on Wednesday escorted by a navy frigate. The first one is expected to reach Turkey's Mediterranean port of Marmaris around midnight. Authorities began setting up a soup kitchen and a field hospital at Marmaris and arranged buses to transfer the evacuees. Turkey has also sent two more commercial ships to Libya.
Turkey has now evacuated more than 5,000 citizens from Libya over three days, about 2,000 of them by plane, Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said.
"We are carrying out the largest evacuation operation in our history," he said, adding that Turkey was also helping other nations. "So far, a total of 21 countries have asked Turkey to evacuate their citizens as well."
One Turkish citizen has been killed in Tripoli, he said. Davutoglu said Turkey was considering diverting its ships from Libya to Tunisia for quicker evacuation.
"We will then bring them from Tunisia by planes," he said.
Davutoglu stressed that Turkey was not leaving Libya and would send "food and medicine to Libyan brothers by ships."
China preps to evacuate workers
Libya is one of the world's biggest oil producers — producing nearly 2 percent of the world's oil — and many oil companies were evacuating their expatriate workers and families.
China was also gearing up for a massive evacuation. There are reportedly 30,000 or more Chinese in Libya building railways and other infrastructure and providing oilfield services. Greece is making plans to help evacuate around 13,000 to Crete by ship.
China's first chartered evacuation flight, staffed with relief officials and stocked with food and medicine, left for Libya on Wednesday.
Chinese media reports said a site run by China's Huafeng Construction Co., Ltd. in eastern Libya was attacked by armed looters over the weekend who stole computers and other equipment and forced nearly 1,000 Chinese workers out of their dormitories.
The International Organization for Migration said several Asian, African and one European government requested its help to evacuate their citizens.
'Thousands' head for borders
Migrants were pouring into Libya's land borders with Egypt and Tunisia and the group was trying to help find accommodation for those already at the border, said Jemini Pandya, a spokeswoman for the Geneva-based organization.
Vans piled high with luggage and furniture showed up at the Salloum border crossing with Egypt.
Pandya said it was difficult to estimate how many migrants, many of them undocumented, would flee Libya, but "it will be thousands."
The first planeload of Russians to be evacuated from Libya landed in Moscow, bringing 118 Russians. Three more planes are expected to arrive later in the day. A ship was also setting sail for Ras Lanuf, the site of Libya's largest refinery and port, to evacuate up to 1,000 Russians, Turks, Serbs and Montenegrins.
Two French military planes evacuated 335 French people and 56 foreigners to Paris from Libya, and a third plane was en route from France to evacuate French tourists.
'I saw horror'
A Bulgaria Air plane, carrying 110 Bulgarians and six Romanians from Tripoli — mostly medical and construction workers — arrived in Sofia. Some passengers said they heard gunfights.
"I saw horror," a nurse who gave only her first name, Polly, told reporters upon her arrival in Sofia.
Others fleeing were wary of the political situation. Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi has urged his supporters to strike back against the Libyan protesters, escalating a crackdown that has led to widespread shooting in the streets. Nearly 300 people have been killed in the nationwide wave of anti-government protests.
"We decided to return because the situation is unstable. When we left Tripoli there was some kind of euphoria, everybody was celebrating some kind of victory," engineer Natalia Vakova said. "But that's Libya — absolutely unpredictable."
Unease over the safety of U.S. citizens intensified after failed attempts to get some out on Monday and Tuesday. British Airways and Emirates, the Middle East's largest airline, canceled flights to Tripoli on Tuesday.
Dutch Foreign Ministry spokesman Christoph Prommersberger said a Dutch KDC-10 air force transport plane left Tripoli late Tuesday with 32 Dutch evacuees and 50 other nationalities.
"What we hear from our people is it is chaotic but functioning," he said of the Tripoli airport.
A possible sea-borne evacuation
Britain is redeploying a warship, the HMS Cumberland, off the Libyan coast for a possible sea-borne evacuation of British citizens.
Italians continued to take Alitalia flights from Tripoli home, and a few hundred have already returned to Italy. An Italian air force plane landed in Libya on Wednesday to evacuate more people.
Separately, two Italian naval vessels are headed to eastern Libyan ports to rescue citizens from Benghazi and other cities where airports are damaged. Italian citizens based in Misurata, Libya, said their private company was arranging evacuation by sea because the airfield at that coastal city was damaged by the protests.
About 450 Romanians were in the process of being evacuated but some lived far away from Tripoli and it was not clear how they would get to the Libyan capital. Germany was also trying to evacuate about 150 Germans still in Libya.