LONDON — An individual who is born female but later becomes male and gives birth to a child should be legally regarded as a mother, England's High Court ruled on Wednesday.
Fred McConnell, a transgender man, wanted to be recognized as the father of his son, who was born last year, on the official registration of the child's birth but was told he would have to be registered as the mother.
He sought legal action to quash that decision, saying it breached his and his son's rights but in a landmark ruling, Andrew McFarlane, President of the High Court's Family Division, dismissed his claim and concluded that McConnell was the mother.
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"It is now medically and legally possible for an individual, whose gender is recognized in law as male, to become pregnant and give birth to their child," McFarlane said.
"Whilst that person's gender is ‘male', their parental status, which derives from their biological role in giving birth, is that of ‘mother.'"
McConnell, who was registered as female at birth, transitioned to live as male when aged 22, later undergoing a double mastectomy and testosterone therapy. Official details, such as his passport and health records, were amended to show his gender as male, court papers said.
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In 2016, he suspended the testosterone treatment and became pregnant after undergoing intrauterine insemination fertility treatment using donor sperm, with the baby born in January 2018.
McFarlane said the issue had been "most properly and bravely" raised by McConnell and was an important matter for public debate, but related more to public policy than law.
"Down the centuries, no court has previously been required to determine the definition of ‘mother' under English common law and, it seems, that there have been few comparable decisions made in other courts elsewhere in the Western World," he said.