Stanford University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne announced Wednesday he will step down next month following an inquiry into his past research as a neuroscientist.
In a statement, Tessier-Lavigne said that he was cleared of "any fraud or falsification of scientific data" but that "for the good of the University, I have made the decision to step down as President effective August 31."
The Board of Trustees' inquiry stopped short of accusing Tessier-Lavigne — who has been Stanford's president since 2016 — of fraud, saying there's no evidence he "personally engaged in research misconduct."
However, it was concluded that five papers on which Tessier-Lavigne was a principal author included work from "some members of labs overseen by Dr. Tessier-Lavigne" who had "either engaged in inappropriate manipulation of research data or engaged in deficient scientific practices, resulting in significant flaws in those papers."
When the issues emerged, "Tessier-Lavigne took insufficient steps to correct mistakes in the scientific record," the board's report said.
Tessier-Lavigne is a neuroscientist who has led several sprawling and productive research laboratories at the University of California, San Francisco, the company Genentech and Stanford.
Some of his most important work has focused on mechanisms that could be responsible for brain degeneration and diseases like Alzheimer’s.
Concerns over work by Tessier-Lavigne and his collaborators were posted online on the nonprofit website PUBPEER as early as 2015.
The website allows scientists to share feedback or criticism after studies have been published. PUBPEER allows anonymous comments.
In November, The Stanford Daily, the university’s student newspaper, broke the news that the European Molecular Biology Organization was reviewing a paper involving Tessier-Lavigne for scientific misconduct.
Elisabeth Bik, a scientist who investigates image manipulation and research misconduct, identified additional papers in which she suspected image manipulation.
"The fact that he is stepping down has surprised me, and I think it's a good outcome," Bik said Wednesday, shortly after news of Tessier-Lavigne's resignation broke.
"He should have supervised better. As a senior author in scientific papers, you're not the person standing in the lab, but you're ultimately responsible for the integrity of the work," she said.
Bik said that errors and manipulations of data could be difficult to spot but that issues with images used in research could be the "tip of the iceberg" of untrustworthy work.
"The things that have been flagged, the image problems, those are the visible problems. If you see visible problems in photos, that might be a sign there are other problems you might not be able to catch," Bik said.
"Any data that's in the form of a table or a line graph or just some numbers, it's much harder to know if it's real or not," she said. "At least in photos, we know that's real data. It, perhaps, could be the tip of the iceberg, a sign that the rest of the data cannot be trusted."
The reporting by The Stanford Daily and questions raised by Bik eventually touched off the Stanford inquiry.
In a statement on the Stanford website, Tessier-Lavigne said he would retract three papers on which he was a principal author and make corrections to two others. He will remain on Stanford's faculty, his statement said.
In his open letter to the Stanford community, Tessier-Lavigne suggested he was the victim of having shown too much "trust" in the work of students and postdoctoral researchers.
He will "be further tightening controls, including, for example, more systematically matching processed images to original raw data," he wrote.
Any future work by Tessier-Lavigne is likely to be greeted by skeptical eyes, given the concerns raised about previous research, Bik said.
"It’s from different periods of his career. So it’s not just one person in one lab going rogue. It appears to be from different periods of his life, when he used to be at different labs, at UCSF, at Genentech," she said. "If he writes new papers, they will be — and should be — held to a higher standard and very thoroughly checked."
Professor Richard Saller will become interim president of the prestigious Northern California university on Sept. 1, the Board of Trustees said.
